Technological watch

A film material that is a blend of a first polymer, and a second polymer. The first polymer is synthesized from one or more bio-based monomers, and has a molecular weight that is less than or equal to 60 kilodaltons. The second polymer is one of: a carbohydrate, and a functionalised carbohydrate derived from one or more bio-based materials. The ratio of first polymer to second polymer within the film material is at least 25:75 by weight. A packaging material has a substrate, and a layer that is formed of the film material, which is assembled into a substantially continuous film on a carrying surface of the substrate. The layer is formed to a thickness that is efficacious in providing a barrier to transmission of oxygen and/or water vapour to the carrying surface of the substrate.