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Sources of Chitin and Chitosan and their Isolation
Offers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan
Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more.
The authors – noted experts in the field – explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book:
Offers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan
Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more.
The authors – noted experts in the field – explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book:
SummaryChitin consists of large, crystalline nitrogen?containing polysaccharides made of chains of a modified glucose monosaccharide, being N?acetylglucosamine. It is ubiquitously present in the world and has even been reported to be one of the most abundant biomolecules on earth, with an estimated annual production of 1011–1014 tons. Chitin serves as template for biomineralization such as calcification and silicification, providing preferential sites for nucleation, and controlling the location and orientation of mineral phases. This phenomenon explains the presence of chitin in solid structures in a variety of biomass such as cell walls of fungi and diatoms and in exoskeletons of Crustaceans. Chitin is present in diverse structures in at least 19 animal phyla besides its presence in bacteria, fungi, and algae.Chitosan is mainly known as a partially deacetylated derivative of chitin that is more water soluble than chitin, and as such is easier to process. For this reason, chitosan—and, in some cases, even more preferably, the relatively small sized (1–10 kDa) chitosan oligomers—are the molecules that are envisioned for multiple applications such as agriculture; water and wastewater treatment; food and beverages; chemicals; feed; cosmetics; and personal care. In addition, chitosan oligomers have been reported as being bioactive, offering potential for application in, for instance, wound dressing and cosmetics. Although chitin and chitosan are versatile and promising biomaterials, the extraction and purification of chitin and its conversion to chitosan (oligomers) require several process steps, and these have been mentioned as bottlenecks that hinder the wider use of the underspent chitin in the world.This chapter intends to provide more information related to (1) the structure of chitin, (2) sources of chitin and chitosan, and (3) their extraction and purification, as well as (4) the conversion of chitin into chitosan.
Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more.
The authors – noted experts in the field – explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book:
- Offers a thorough review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan.
- Contains information on the wide-ranging applications and growing market demand for chitin and chitosan
- Includes a discussion of current regulations and the outlook for the future
Offers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan
Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more.
The authors – noted experts in the field – explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book:
- Offers a thorough review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan.
- Contains information on the wide-ranging applications and growing market demand for chitin and chitosan
- Includes a discussion of current regulations and the outlook for the future
SummaryChitin consists of large, crystalline nitrogen?containing polysaccharides made of chains of a modified glucose monosaccharide, being N?acetylglucosamine. It is ubiquitously present in the world and has even been reported to be one of the most abundant biomolecules on earth, with an estimated annual production of 1011–1014 tons. Chitin serves as template for biomineralization such as calcification and silicification, providing preferential sites for nucleation, and controlling the location and orientation of mineral phases. This phenomenon explains the presence of chitin in solid structures in a variety of biomass such as cell walls of fungi and diatoms and in exoskeletons of Crustaceans. Chitin is present in diverse structures in at least 19 animal phyla besides its presence in bacteria, fungi, and algae.Chitosan is mainly known as a partially deacetylated derivative of chitin that is more water soluble than chitin, and as such is easier to process. For this reason, chitosan—and, in some cases, even more preferably, the relatively small sized (1–10 kDa) chitosan oligomers—are the molecules that are envisioned for multiple applications such as agriculture; water and wastewater treatment; food and beverages; chemicals; feed; cosmetics; and personal care. In addition, chitosan oligomers have been reported as being bioactive, offering potential for application in, for instance, wound dressing and cosmetics. Although chitin and chitosan are versatile and promising biomaterials, the extraction and purification of chitin and its conversion to chitosan (oligomers) require several process steps, and these have been mentioned as bottlenecks that hinder the wider use of the underspent chitin in the world.This chapter intends to provide more information related to (1) the structure of chitin, (2) sources of chitin and chitosan, and (3) their extraction and purification, as well as (4) the conversion of chitin into chitosan.
This project has received funding from the Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 837761.
